Publication Type: Single Paper Format
Abstract: What assessments or performances in teacher education actually predict success for candidates as teachers? We examine Praxis I scores' relationship to success on Praxis III used for teachers' permanent certification.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper investigates Black feminist thought as a site of coalition building between Black females and Black males. Few other approaches have been as articulate and aggressive as Black feminism in constructing a holistic social movement that examines motivations that draw minority women to the men in their community. This paper pushes beyond the shortcomings of mainstream feminisms and of those liberationists whose non-dialogical approaches and resistance to looking at Black men's roles in sexism limit Black liberation. Drawing from perspectives of three popular texts and themes from a 1979 Black sexism forum/debate, this article looks at Black feminism as a useful model for forging collective movement. Conclusions are that women's struggles with self worth and men's embrace of masculinities that are not self-define hinder contemporary Black America from forging a successful collective movement in which this is possible, and that Black feminism is meaningful for addressing both these issues.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The seeming unity of European efforts to combat human trafficking obscure conflicting constructions of this social problem and the different levels at which they operate. Transnational actors understand trafficking as sexual slavery and an affront to women’s human rights. These actors are often allied with organizations that oppose the legalization of prostitution in Europe, which they believe pulls women from the East to satisfy the sexual demands of Western men. These actors push for human rights definitions of trafficking that will shift the praxis of gender relations to a more egalitarian future.

Pastoral actors, on the other hand, see ‘trafficking’ as an issue of women’s migration right to work. They use anti-trafficking funds to provide services that their clients want—host country language training and a safe place to network with other illegal workers, also mostly sex industry insiders. For pastoral actors, trafficking is a discourse that brings attention to the plight of undocumented workers and makes a case for providing legal protections—especially including temporary work visas for sex workers.

These conflicting visions of what it means to ‘do’ anti-trafficking work reflect long-standing feminist divisions. Understanding the ideological context of anti-trafficking helps explain why anti-trafficking protocols that do not address the underlying conflict over the content of human rights law merely paper over existing differences. Data are drawn from over 30 interviews with transnational and pastoral actors in Germany and Finland and analyses of their organizations’ materials.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The institutional structure governing the ocean and its use has been transformed since the end of World War II, with the major changes taking place in the 1970s. During this time, coastal states have expanded their territorial sea and gained sovereignty over ocean and seabed resources up to 200 nautical miles. The United Nations has hosted four international conferences that have resulted in two major agreements on the Law of the Sea and significantly altered the institutional structure of the oceans. Following two ineffective conventions in 1958 and 1960, the third convention convened by the United Nations (UN) resulted in the passing of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), in 1982, following about a decade of complex negotiations. UNCLOS is described by some as the most far-reaching international agreement ever negotiated (de Marffy-Mantuano, 1994). Despite that, it soon became evident that it did not address the problem of straddling stocks and highly migratory stocks effectively. This led to a new convention in 1993, which resulted in the second major agreement, the United Nations Agreement on Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (hereafter referred to as the Straddling Stocks Agreement), signed in 1995. Taken together, these agreements have resulted in the creation of Exclusive Economic Zones and increased the responsibility of coastal states and high-seas fishing states to enter into negotiations to solve disputes over overlapping ocean space and resource use. This paper discusses rights and duties the Law of the Sea imposes on nation states, and how these duties have played out in negotiating conflicts over common resources and overlapping ocean space. It seeks to identify how international laws influence the decision to cooperate and whether the Law of the Sea influences terms of agreements reached. I argue that international laws narrow the set of possible solutions available to negotiating parties by suggesting certain points of departure for the parties involved. At the beginning of any conflict there are a myriad of possibilities to solve a conflict, allowing for an infinitive range of outcomes. The Law of the Sea narrows the set of feasible solutions and thus shortens the negotiating process by suggesting solution concepts nations can as a starting point. However, international laws are neither necessary nor sufficient to produce an agreement, let alone able to dictate the specifics of agreements reached through bilateral or multilateral negotiations. More specifically, the Law of the Sea is too general in its scope, allows for few specifics on how to actually solve conflicts. It also lacks enforcement and monitoring power to make it effective. The Convention leaves it up to individual states to monitor and enforce fishing conduct on the oceans. States differ in interests and ability to take on the prescribed responsibilities, resulting in the implementation of UNCLOS and the Straddling Stocks Agreement being a mixed bag.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: We study what participants in the United Nations Global Compact say they are doing; by which power mechanisms they ‘count’ their gains/losses; whether what they do is desirable; whether there are any problems.