Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This review of the literature examines the extent of male predominance in offending using data from self-report studies. We investigate what has happened in the 30 years since the first review of this type was conducted by Hindelang, Hirshi, & Weis (1979); and in particular to determine if the pattern of male predominance has changed as was predicted by Adler (1975), Simon (1975) and others. We use correlation analysis to examine changes in male predominance using the evidence available from self-report studies and we compare the findings from studies conducted in the United States with those conducted in other countries, as well as to trend data from Monitoring the Future. Our results indicate a convergence in the trends of some types of male and female offending, but the convergence can not be attributed to the causes predicted by liberation theorists.

Publication Type: Invited Paper
Abstract: Abstract:
African American Administration of Predominately Black Schools:
Segregation or Emancipation in Omaha, N.E.

By Tekla Ali Johnson

In 1999, Omaha Public Schools was one of several urban school districts to end busing to achieve integration. The African American community noted the retreat from the promise of an integrated society, but did not come together in organized protest. The muted response resulted from a general sense that despite reported gains in standardized testing for some Black children, not all of the results of integrated education have been positive. One negative outcome has been African American children’s overrepresentation in public school special education classes and subsequent relegation to under-employment. One scholar, Anastasios Karagiannis, discovered a correlation between students being labeled “disabled” in school and their disproportionally high imprisonment rates. By the mid-1980’s, many educators agreed that cultural isolation for African American students who underwent busing was having a devastating impact on students’ self-esteem and success in school.
Ernest Chambers, a Midwestern state senator, noted the lack of preparation which African American children were getting from the Omaha Public Schools. The public schools in his city had been practically resegregated since 1999, but even before that date the schools had not been preparing African American children to survive, let alone to compete, in a post-industrial world. In 2006, Chambers an offered an amendment to a school reform bill in the Nebraska State Legislature which would provide for local [African American] control of one of three newly proposed school districts. Chambers’ amendment drew national criticism and the senator was described in the New York Times as a segregationist.
In retrospect, the state senator was advocating that a large school district to be divided into three smaller districts, each of which would have an equal share of educational funds and resources, and that one of these be run by an African American team of administrators. The African American administrated district would be modeled after the best Historically Black Colleges and Universities (which of all colleges have had the greatest success in educating large numbers of African Americans students). The doors of the schools in the district would be open to all ethnic groups, but its faculty would be culturally aware and sensitive to needs and aspirations of their predominately African American student bodies.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: We gathered a convenience sample of thirty four in-depth interviews with African American women attending a primarily white New England college. Prior research reveals this transition makes them vulnerable to self-esteem and body image issues as a result of exposure to white western norms of beauty. Our research suggests that the degree to which these students are exposed differs depending upon their specific set of race and/or gendered identity self -contingencies prior to college. Our analysis reveals four different contingency groups. Group one women’s self concept is contingent on their identification with white culture prior to college, and during college, making them more susceptible to body image dissatisfaction in college. Group Two identifies with black culture prior to attending and while attending college, protecting them from exposure to white Western beauty norms while in college. Group Three’s racial identity “floats” between Groups one and two both prior to and during college, making them susceptible to exposure to both white and black ideals of beauty. Group Four’s self concept contingencies does not include race as a primary contingency, making them less likely to adhere to the beauty ideals of either culture.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: In contrast to the conventional wisdom of secularization thesis, recent studies indicate that religion continues to play significant role in shaping individual attitudes and state economic policies. Previous research has explored the role that religion plays in shaping economic attitudes, trust, perceptions of market fairness, and the proper role of government in the economy. Other research has examined relationships among religion, the economy, and state policies. Yet, relationships among religious beliefs, social attitudes, and social policies have largely been unexplored. These relationships are especially important in the Muslim world in the wake of its religious revival, its relatively underdeveloped economic situation, and the events of September 11th. This study asks whether religiosity affects social policy choices in the Muslim world based on World Values Survey data. Moreover, it examines relationships between religion and social policy expenditures and inequality. In so doing, this study fills a gap in multiple literatures and adds additional insight to previous research that has often focused on Western, industrial countries.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Este trabalho visa a esclarecer o funcionamento do regime internacional de não-proliferação nuclear para identificar suas assimetrias inerentes. O enfoque internacional dado, desde o primeiro momento, à não-proliferação horizontal, em detrimento da não-proliferação vertical, ilustra uma clara assimetria não apenas do regime, mas também do sistema internacional como um todo, assim como a incapacidade das instituições internacionais envolvidas no processo de promover maior multilateralismo e representatividade no regime.

Busca-se, portanto, entender o regime, identificar as origens das assimetrias, como elas aparecem no funcionamento atual e o que está sendo feito para combatê-las, em prol de um regime de não-proliferação mais eficiente.