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 Pages: 7 pages || Words: 3622 words || 
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1. Clay Olson, Jo. and Nocon, Honorine. "Performance Differences of Proficient and Non-Proficient Students on Standards-Based Tests" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Hosted by Virginia Tech University Hotel Roanoke & Conference Center, Roanoke, VA, Oct 20, 2005 Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2009-11-28 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p24530_index.html>
Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The differences between proficient and non-proficient students on standardized tests are often explained by three factors: reading difficulties, limited mathematics content knowledge, and test bias. This report is part of a larger study that found no statistically significant differences between non-proficient students who were Hispanic (low SES), African American (low SES), and Anglo (high SES). This study examined questions on a standards-base test in which the performance of non-proficient students and proficient students were statistically different. Findings indicate that non-proficient students often have an incomplete understanding of words, misinterpret copulative words like “or” or lack tested mathematics content knowledge.

 Words: 49 words || 
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2. Kaneko, Emiko. "Establishing Finer Distinctions at the Intermediate Level of Oral Proficiency: the SST Experience" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center, San Antonio, TX, Nov 15, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-11-28 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p174446_index.html>
Publication Type: Session Presentation
Abstract: Setting additional level distinctions in performance tests can be beneficial but may jeopardize reliability. This presentation provides a detailed description of the Standard Speaking Test (SST), developed by ACTFL and launched in Japan, which distinguishes five Intermediate sub-levels. A quantitative analysis and reliability study of SST are also offered.

 Words: 38 words || 
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3. Petillon, Catherine. "The T.C.F., a standardized and calibrated French language proficiency test" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Henry B. Gonzalez Convention Center, San Antonio, TX, Nov 12, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-11-28 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p175126_index.html>
Publication Type: Session Presentation
Abstract: The TCF (Test de connaissance du français) targets an audience that wishes to know its level of French proficiency. It is also the official pre-entrance test (DAP) for foreign students who wish to join higher education in France.

 Words: 151 words || 
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4. Stern, Michael. "Reconceptualizing the Divide: How Levels of Internet Proficiency affect Usefulness of Access across Rural, Suburban, and Urban Communities" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Rural Sociological Society, Marriott Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California, Aug 02, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-11-28 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p206212_index.html>
Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: Numerous recent studies have addressed how Internet usage affects social capital using place-based (Stern & Dillman, 2006) and national level data (Boase, 2006). However, by focusing on the number of ways to measure social capital and how Internet usage affects these measures, the research has largely ignored three important questions. First, how are people using the Internet to their benefit them in their daily lives? Second, does the type of beneficial usage differ by community type (rural, suburban, and urban)? Finally, what role does Internet proficiency play in capitalizing on this technology across communities? We argue here that these three issues (types of usage, place, and proficiency) are interrelated and fundamental to understanding the role of the Internet in modern life. Using data from the nationally representative Pew Internet and American Life Study, we address these three issues and provide further insight into the role of the Internet in modern life.

 Pages: 24 pages || Words: 7269 words || 
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5. Nguyen, Ngan. "The Influence of Gender, Age, Nationality, and Proficiency Levels on Language Learning Strategy Use" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the MWERA Annual Meeting, Westin Great Southern Hotel, Columbus, Ohio, Oct 15, 2008 Online <PDF>. 2009-11-28 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p273617_index.html>
Publication Type: Paper Presentation
Abstract: This study focused on how cultural backgrounds, gender, age, and proficiency level influence language learning strategy use of English learners in ESL context. It employed the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL), version 7.0 (ESL/EFL) developed by Oxford (1990) to examine differences in language learning strategy use of 75 international students at a Midwestern university in the United States.. The results showed that participants of this study preferred social strategies the most while affective and memory strategies were used with a much lower frequency. Significant differences were found in the choice of strategies across nationalities as well as across individuals. Students from Asian countries seemed to use more strategies in comparison to their African and Latin American mates. Advanced learners used more strategies than intermediate learners or beginners. Females tended to use more strategies than males, especially memory strategies. Pedagogical implications were also discussed based on these findings

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