Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Telephone surveys of organizations face a number of difficulties in obtaining respondent participation, such as identifying the most knowledgeable respondents, and then obtaining their cooperation (Groves, et al., 1997). Non-profit organizations may represent a special case of organizational survey respondents that create additional contact problems. Many smaller non-profits are not “brick and mortar” organizations with telephone listings and paid staff to answer the phones. For example, Alcoholics Anonymous groups do not have a named leader and often meet in homes or other organizations’ spaces. Non-profit staff also have limited time for participation, especially since they tend to operate in an environment of scarce resources. Thus finding a knowledgeable respondent may be nearly impossible for some non-profit organizations. Given these contact problems, are non-profit organizations more difficult to survey than private sector organizations?
We conducted a telephone survey of non-profit organizations in Los Angeles County, using the client’s sampling frame developed from IRS Form 990 data. We compared contact results from this survey to those from another survey of private sector establishments. We compared the total number of call attempts, as well as the number of times each case was scheduled for an appointment, left an answering machine message, and sent to tracing.

Publication Type: Proceeding
Abstract: "Fear, honor and profit:" the triad of imperializing motives twice
mentioned by Thucydides' Athenians (1.75, 1.76) has acquired a life
of its own in modern discussions of Thucydides, sometimes cast as a
timeless set of imperatives or linked with "prestige or deference"
and opposed to "practical utility"

Restoring this phrase to the speakers who uttered it and to its role
in Thucydides' narrative complicates and deepens our understanding.
The Athenian speech (1.73-78) turns out to be a slippery, even
seductive, effort at self-presentation that relies on ambiguity to
make imperialism palatable. In the speech, "honor" does not
supplant "practical utility" but relies on it and "profit" has a
surprising alternative meaning of "benefit." The Athenian speech,
like the others in this quartet of speeches from 1.68 – 1.84 (by
Corinthians, Athenians, and two Spartans) characterizes the culture
that produced it.

Subtly and dramatically, the four speeches reveal the dispositions
and strategic cultures that will drive Athens and Sparta for the
remainder of the work, using language that eludes abstraction or
categorization as nomological or "realistic." The "dialogue" among
these speakers tells us nothing about historical causation but
provides a rich case study in narrative explanation. This paper will
conclude with comments on the importance of strategic culture,
dialogue, and narrative understanding as keys to understanding
Thucydidean history.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: No abstract available at this time.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The paper analyzes non-profit housing development organizations outside the city of Chicago in the six-county northeastern Illinois region. The major research questions are: (1) how do non-profit housing development organizations serve as production organizations in the suburbs; (2) what is the regional distribution of the housing development corporations; and (3) how does this distribution effect the provision of housing to low- and moderate-income households.

Although the six-county region, excluding the city of Chicago, has two-thirds of the population and a rapidly increasing percentage of the region’s low-income and minority households, there are only a handful of non-profit housing development organizations serving this population. There are only three regional community-based housing development organizations based in the suburbs providing housing initiatives in geographically limited sub-regions. Catholic Charities builds senior housing in Chicago and Cook County. The remaining housing development organizations have been incorporated either by county governments or county public housing authorities with mandates to achieve specific county-level objectives. One of the most pro-active municipalities has also incorporated a non-development housing development organization to meet its housing objectives. In addition, one non-profit housing corporation based in the city of Chicago is now actively working in the south suburbs.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper examines the extent to which nonprofits, for-profits, and government agencies that serve young people use formal evaluations and formally screen workers. After reviewing arguments that suggest that different sectors should evaluate and screen differently, we develop an argument based on agency theory which suggests that other factors – particularly the distance between principals and agents – affect the use of formal evaluations and screening. Data on 176 nonprofit, for-profit, and government providers of youth services in the Phoenix metropolitan area are analyzed through quantitative analysis, and a subset of 45 nonprofit, for-profit, and government organizations are analyzed qualitatively. Our results show some support for agency theory – among nonprofits the greater the involvement of principals in organizational affairs, the less formalization - but sector differences remain with government organizations more likely to use formal evaluations and formal screening practices than for-profits and nonprofits.