Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Have the Millenium Declaration and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) had an impact on donor states’ aid allocations? Their rhetoric has long included many promises, including support for the MDGs. However, previous studies have frequently demonstrated a gap between rhetoric and reality.
This paper investigates whether the MDGs have influenced the aid allocations of donor states with regard to the third MDG, gender equality and the empowerment of women. This MDG was selected because gender equality is an effective strategy to achieve sustainable development rather than designed to benefit only women. The focus on Africa mirrors the Millenium Declaration’s stance that special attention must be paid to the needs of this continent.
The study finds that little change has taken place in donor states’ aid allocations and that there is little evidence that donor states allocate aid to foster progress with regard to gender equality and the empowerment of women.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The central goal of this paper is to assess women’s progress in achieving greater equality in the workforce. To do this, we will first detail establishment-level trends in female manager composition. While many researchers focus on segregation, women’s access to management is an undocumented story about workplace inequality. To increase our understanding of workplace and labor market composition and women’s access to management, we utilize a random sample (nearly a quarter of a million establishments) of national establishment level data in five-year increments from 1966 until 2000 collected by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Using these data, we explore the effects of supply, demand, and segregation on women’s access to management using a fixed effects modeling strategy. Our findings indicate that women’s access to management is not universal across industries and that women managers are overwhelmingly concentrated in service industries. Further, we find that labor market supply and segregation have much smaller effects than the demand created from the tremendous growth in jobs from service industries. These findings indicate little support for a normative change explanation; rather we find women’s progress is largely the result of economic restructuring.

Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: Objectives: The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter <797> sets practice standards for personnel training, microbial contamination risk levels, and aseptic manipulation skills to help ensure that sterile preparations are of the highest quality. The purpose of this study was for pharmacy students enrolled in the College’s Hospital Pharmacy elective to recognize and assess compliance of required sterile preparation by pharmacies. Methods: A three page survey document was created by the authors to measure the impact of Chapter <797> standards on pharmacies. The survey was field tested by three hospital pharmacy managers. Assessors were instructed on the goals of Chapter <797> and the application of the survey. Results: Thirty three (33) pharmacies were visited and assessed in Louisiana (31), Mississippi (1), and Arkansas (1). The survey’s results included, but were not limited to the following: (a) all pharmacies were aware of USP Chapter <797>, (b) 85% of the pharmacies needed renovations to meet standards, (c) 76% estimated the total cost of renovations to be greater than $10,000, (d) 94% test their staff on theory of sterile preparations, and (e) 79% test on practical evaluation of aseptic technique using growth media. Conclusion: Student participation as assessors of USP Chapter <797> compliance provided on site knowledge and participation in the ever advancing professional standards required of pharmacists and pharmacies.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Many aspects of the Progressive Era have been analyzed within the field of American political development: the rise of new institutions, the development of economic corporatization, and the transformation of the American state, to name a few. Left unexamined, however has been the critical role marriage played as a form of public policy at the time. Marriage was central to debates and policy, particularly in relation to immigration. During this time of rapid economic, social and political transformation, marriage became a site of political contestation of policy initiative and the cultural and discursive definition of the nation.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: I present the first large-N examination of career choice in state legislatures, employing multinomial logit to model simultaneously reelection, retirement, and higher office seeking decisions in eighteen state lower chambers from 1986-2002. There are several contributions. First, salary influences career decisions, with legislators less likely to retire as salary increases. This is a new finding, as Congress studies omit salary due to lack of variation. Second, majority status has little influence on careers decisions. This finding holds despite an improved operationalization of majority status that involves estimates of the probability of future majority status. Third, career decisions are highly sensitive to the relative probability of victory. In particular, redistricting substantially increases the probability of retirement and higher office seeking. Fourth, progressive ambition is remarkably strong, with legislators highly responsive to the open seats in higher offices and the structure of higher office opportunities. Fifth, there are partisan differences in reelection seeking, with Republicans more likely to retire than Democrats.