Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: A multitude of research shows that natural resources are associated with internal armed conflict. Primary commodities are, among other things, financing rebellion and increasing the incentive for secession. In addition, ‘the resource curse’ is associated with corruption, slow growth and poor economic performance. The direct link between resource wealth and internal armed conflict is often explained through a ‘greed’ mechanism, rebels fight to gain control over resource revenues and use resources to finance their rebellion. However, the link can also be explained by a ‘grievance’ argument. People living in resource rich countries might feel deprived if vast resource income does not benefit equally across class and/or groups, and might resort to violence. Also, lack of resources might lead to competition over scarce resources, a competition that can turn violent. This paper investigates carefully the 186 internal armed conflicts in the Uppsala-PRIO dataset (1946–2003) to see whether they can be defined as ‘resource conflicts’, that is, whether there truly is a link between resources and conflict. We find that such resource conflicts experience shorter postconflict peace durations than non-resource conflicts. In the next step we record how natural resources management was addressed in the aftermath of all conflicts, but especially how issues related to management influence the likelihood of lasting peace following resource conflicts. Albeit fragile results it seems like ‘resource conflicts’ are particular difficult to terminate and the mechanisms introduced to manage resources have not been especially helpful.

Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: Objectives: Expansion of the AACP Advanced Pharmacy Practice Initiative (APPI) PEPSIG Resource library to include resources for experiential directors/coordinators to use in program development.

Methods: Keywords and a definition of each keyword were developed to describe aspects of experiential programs. Search for resources included the internet, EBSCOhost, Medline, Wilson Text, individual pharmacy and medicine journals, and leadership and educational texts. PEPSIG Members were invited to submit resources, conference calls and Web-Ex sessions were scheduled weekly to review resources, and assign categories and keywords. Continuous editing eliminated synonymous keywords and double postings. Mapping frameworks were developed to ensure that all topics were included in the reference. A survey to evaluate library use and usefulness was developed. Feedback on library keywords, types of resources people considered valuable and thoughts for the future of the database was solicited from participants at the 2006 National Experiential Education Conferences in Lansdowne Va.
Results: During 2006 over 300 additional references and resource lists on program development and additional resources for preceptor development and training were added to the PEPSIG Resource Library. Keyword definitions were added for improved user application.

Implications: This reference library will continue to be monitored for accuracy and will be maintained and updated regularly. Follow up by Talluto and Nemire includes review of a survey of faculty awareness of the program, and completion of an article describing the development and implementation of the reference library.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Much of the research on resource-dependent economies focuses on domestic mechanisms to alleviate the effects of resource dependence. These problems include low accountability of leaders, corruption, and slow growth. Yet, the political economy literature also provides arguments about the positive effects of free trade and international economic integration on these factors. Exposure to international competition creates pressure for governments (and economic actors) to pursue more efficient policies and to create infrastructure that can provide the basis for further economic development. It reduces the "rent" that resource abundance provides and that leads to negative outcomes. Constructivist arguments also posit that more international economic interactions can promote a better understanding of good governance. Connecting these literatures, this paper examines the effect of international economic integration on institutional performance in resource-abundant economies. Preliminary tests reveal support for the argument that integration indirectly leads to better governance. This supports the argument that economic exchange and engagement might improve conditions in developing countries more than pressure from external actors.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: In this paper I argue that Indonesia is undergoing a process of re-peripheralization within the world-system that coincides with the potential rise of China as a global hegemonic power. During Soeharto’s rule over Indonesia, he fostered a combination of developmental and predatory practices, relying heavily on natural resources. Yet, prior to the Asian financial crisis of 1997-98, Indonesia was touted as a manufacturing ‘miracle’. The financial crisis hit Indonesia’s economy particularly hard, however. In recent years, whereas Indonesia’s Southeast Asian neighbors have recovered in terms of growth, GDP and foreign investment rates, Indonesia’s economy has lagged far behind. Moreover, the structure of Indonesia’s foreign investment and export portfolios emphasize raw materials exports. This paper offers evidence from two key extractive sectors -- timber and oil – to support the argument that Indonesia is returning to its historic status as a resource periphery. In particular, as China’s manufacturing has increased, Indonesian exports have been pushed back to raw materials (logs) in the wood products sector. In the oil sector, historical achievements in production-sharing have been rolled back as Indonesia became a net oil importer and policy elites have desperately sought new investments in exploration. In this context, new competition from Chinese oil and gas investments to the traditional oil multinationals and Japanese long-term contracts do not appear to be creating opportunities for Indonesian negotiators. The paper concludes by interpreting the relative absence of resource nationalism (compared to Latin America) in a period of neoliberalism and Chinese ascent.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Does education improve psychological well-being more for one sex than for the other? Resource substitution implies that education improves well-being more for women, because socioeconomic disadvantage makes them depend more on education to achieve well-being. Resource multiplication implies the opposite, that education improves well-being more for men, because they get bigger labor market payoffs from it such as authority and earnings. Data from a 1995 and 1998 survey of U.S. adults support the resource substitution hypothesis. Depression decreases more steeply for women than for men as the level of education increases. The gender gap in depression essentially disappears at the bachelors level. Two mediating interactions appear to account for the convergence. Education increases work creativity more sharply for women than for men, with convergence at the bachelors level. Depression decreases as work creativity increases. Education increases the personal sense of control for both sexes about equally, but depression declines more steeply for women as the sense of control increases.