Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Prior work has shown that courses of action can be held in abeyance through the production of various types of inserted (Schegloff, 2007) and intervening (Lerner, 2006) actions in the talk, as well as through torqued body comportment (Schegloff, 1998) and suspended gesticulation (Schegloff, 1984) in other forms of embodied conduct. In the present report we extend the description of actions that are designed to hold projected next actions in abeyance by considering what we are calling "interjected actions." We describe practices that can inflect the production of this type of action and its sequelae in a manner that holds a projected next action in abeyance across a range of organizations of action in interaction - including, but not limited to talk-in-interaction.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: In this paper, I have used the life-time employment status history of 4,235 women to construct a typology of female employment patterns. Thirteen career clusters are identified, which refer to different duration and sequential ordering of employment states, including full-time, part-time, self-employment, family care, and other out of the labour force states. These clusters are placed in a continuous full-time path and family path continuum. By showing how this set of employment clusters varies across entry cohorts, I have found that there are more variegated career patterns in the most recent entry cohort. Indeed, a greater proportion of women in this cohort are in the family dominated pattern (Cluster 12). Contrary to existing research findings, compared to their counterparts from the pre-1945 entry cohorts, women entering in the post-war economic boom eras spent less time in full-time employment, but more time out of the labour force. This challenges the romanticised view on the rise of employment scenario between the 1950s and the early 1970s. In brief, employing sequence methods to develop a typology of employment patterns of women in the present context not only fully utilizes the longitudinal data, but also clearly demonstrates what careers actually look like. Similar attempt have been extended to the case of men and a gender comparison in employment patterns then becomes possible. Further research on detailed occupational data could be developed to generate patterns of career mobility. These two exercises could contribute to the wider debate on the changing nature of career.

Supporting Publications:
Supporting Document
Supporting Document

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Luckenbill’s (1977) analysis of homicide situations posited that such events moved through a series of stages, starting at the initial awareness of an offense and ending with the death of one of the participants, and the aftermath. As his analysis focused on lethal violence only, a question arises as what these stages look like in non-lethal assaults or for conflicts that end without violence. Another question is whether and how the content of a dispute influences its movement through the stages. This paper explores these questions by examining a sample of violent and non-violent drug business disputes, gathered from a group of drug sellers in New York City. Fifty-three detailed descriptions of drug business conflicts were collected and analysed as sequences of influence tactics. Following Felson and Steadman (1983), all actions occurring within each dispute were ordered and categorized by type of influence tactic (influence attempts, explicit identity attacks, threats, etc.). Next, the order and content of the influence tactics are compared for the violent and non-violent disputes. The results demonstrate overall differences between non-violent and violent disputes, specifically in the ordering of event actions, and in the type and relative proportions of influence tactics. These findings highlight the interactional nature of conflict, both violent and non-violent, and point to the importance of contextual features in understanding the how such divergent outcomes can occur.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Negotiated settlements of civil wars involve multiple and complex challenges. They must cope simultaneously with problems of representativeness, effective governance, and economic development. Under conditions of great turbulence, how can negotiators design institutions that will increase the likelihood of an ongoing bargaining process? One alternative, widely favored in contemporary Africa, is to attempt to reassure weaker parties about their future through the adoption of power sharing institutions, such as executive power sharing or federalism. Such arrangements appear to be logical responses to the need for ethnic inclusion, but at a possible price in terms of dealing with the challenges of governance and economic development. It therefore becomes necessary to examine other alternatives, such as political centralization, territorial partition and various hybrid models to see if these approaches have the potential to offer durable solutions during the consolidation phase of agreements. While recognizing that there is little in the way of internal guarantees to protect minority interests in a unitary regime, the paper argues that modified, hybrid versions may offer some opportunities for coping with the three challenges to enduring settlements that are not fully appreciated in the literature on conflict management at this time.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: In the late 1990s, Japan and South Korea concluded their first bilateral FTA agreements in completely opposite sequences despite similar domestic pressures. Japan, concluded an “easier” FTA (relatively weak opposition by domestic interests) with Singapore first and then concluded a more “difficult” FTA (relatively strong opposition by domestic interests) with Mexico. South Korea concluded a more difficult FTA first with Chile and then moved to Singapore. This paper argues that these differences in sequence account in part for the different contexts in which Japan and South Korean played their respective two-level games in their more difficult negotiations. The pre-existence of the Singapore FTA dampened domestic pressure from Japanese business interests to get into the bilateral FTA game. Thus, Japan could approach the more difficult FTA negotiation knowing that a “no agreement” outcome would not fundamentally increase domestic pressure. This alternative to no agreement put the Japanese in a stronger international bargaining position. South Korea negotiated its harder case without a pre-existing bilateral FTA, knowing that the relative domestic pressure to get in the FTA game would increase without an agreement. This relatively worse bargaining position created a context in which South Korean conceded more to the Chileans and were forced to utilize higher side payments in order to gain support for the agreement domestically.