Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Firearm violence has long been a community concern in the United States. Criminological studies and public policy debate have focused on this issue due to the inherent probability for lethal or injurious outcomes. Firearms are involved in a substantial proportion of violent crimes each year, produce injuries that affect the lives of thousands of individuals, and generate tremendous social costs. The purpose of the following study is to explore and compare the severity of injuries sustained to residents of Detroit, Michigan. Data utilized in this study consist of citywide shooting reports from Detroit Police Department for the years 2001 and 2002. The primary importance of the study is the exploration of a number of offense characteristics and situational variables that may increase the likelihood of victims sustaining serious injury. In addition, policy implications are presented and discussed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This essay notes that the notion of cosmopolitanism
as used in contemporary normative political theory
sounds inspiring but has little content. The question is raised,
what might best justify a substantive global justice
doctrine that puts teeth into the cosmopolitan ideal.
Doubts plague recent broadly deontological approaches
to this issue. A prioritarian version of act
consequentialism is shown to have advantages in
delivering a clear and compelling doctrine of global justice.
Act consequentialism is thought to be too demanding, but
this essay defends its "severe demand" against seemingly
strong objections.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: During the height of the “low intensity conflict” between the Turkish military and the separatist PKK (Kurdish Workers’ Party) militants in the 1990s, more than 900 villages and 2,500 hamlets were evacuated by either the security forces or the PKK in the rural areas of eastern and southeastern provinces. Although there are no statistics on the number of IDPs, a credible figure might be close to 1 million. The majority of these people migrated to provincial centers in the region, to coastal cities where income earning opportunities as agricultural laborers or tourism workers exist, and to the major metropolitan centers of Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir.
Internal displacement has created layers of socio-economic, political and legal problems. This paper will focus on these problems to the extent that they have led to processes of social exclusion from exercising citizenship rights, participating fully in the labor market, accessing health services and educational opportunities, and recourse to habitual forms of livelihood. Based on interviews with a number of IDPs, it will pay particular attention to the situation of women and younger people.

Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: Rationale: Management of traumatic brain injury varies according to treatments and in terms of aggressiveness. Variations in treatment aggressiveness are related to concerns over poor outcomes in survivors. Data describing health outcomes of children following traumatic brain injury that can be used in economic evaluations is scant.
Objective: To provide information on preference scores of children who survived a severe traumatic brain injury and use this information to calculate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios.
Methods: Information on life years gained and acute care costs from longitudinal hospital studies were combined with follow-up data on survivors. Follow-up data was based on telephone interviews with the primary caregiver of surviving children. In addition to demographic and insurance information, caregivers of survivors described use of services following discharge from the acute care hospital and reported on health-related quality of life using the Quality of Well-being (QWB) scale. Cost-effectiveness ratios were formed from the QWB scores and costs of acute and rehabilitative care.
Results: Over a 12-year period, approximately 6,500 children survived a traumatic brain that otherwise would have expired without more aggressive treatment. Follow-up data at 3 and 6-months following hospital discharge indicated a range in preference scores from 0.093 to 1.0 with a mean of 0.507 (0.201) at 3 months and 0.579 (0.227) at 6 months. Scores were related to probabilities of dying at the time of hospital admission. Children lacking health insurance had higher probabilities of dying and worse outcomes. Cost per quality adjusted life year was approximately $12,000 for the mean preference score estimates and $67,000 for the worst scores.
Conclusions: This study suggests that aggressive treatment in children with traumatic brain injury is warranted. Future research should further examine rehabilitation service use of uninsured children in relation to injury severity and outcomes.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the potential situational and cultural factors that influence individuals’ apologetic intentions in conflict situations. The research examines how offender responsibility, offense severity, and prior relationship between offender and victim influence individuals’ decisions to apologize when they offend others. Moreover, the study investigated the salience of autonomy and image face concerns for self and others and the role of these face concerns in determining individuals’ apologetic intentions when an offense occurs. The major findings of the current study are as follows: (a) no difference was found in self and other face concerns and apologetic intentions between two cultural groups: Americans and Chinese; (b) responsibility was positively associated with self and other face concerns and apology; (c) severity was positively associated with self face concerns; (d) relationship was negatively associated with self face concerns and positively associated with other face concerns; (e) other face concern was associated positively with apology; and (f) culture moderated the effect of responsibility on apology.