Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Male civilians and combatants are most seriously affected by armed conflict and are most likely to be killed or wounded in fighting or summarily executed and mistreated when falling into the hands of the enemy. And, yet, male civilians are less likely to be protected during armed conflicts, and suffer the highest death tolls in armed conflicts. In this paper, I argue that the construction of the 'combatant' and the 'civilian' in international law and politics bears upon the treatment and protection offered to both. Or, to put it differently, that the discursive production of identity-combatant or civilian-has material effects. I suggest the following: a) gender is central to the constitution, not simply the implementation, of the distinction of combatant and civilian; b) that the gendering of the distinction contributes to the relative weakness, as compared to the robustness of the laws of war, of the protections offered to all ostensible civilians, be they male or female but; c) poses distinct challenges to the protection of male civilians-a phrase that, like that of female combatants, is notable for its modification of an implicit universal.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: Male civilians and combatants are most seriously affected by armed conflict and are most likely to be killed or wounded in fighting or summarily executed and mistreated when falling into the hands of the enemy. And, yet, male civilians are less likely to be protected during armed conflicts, and suffer the highest death tolls in armed conflicts. In this paper, I argue that the construction of the 'combatant' and the 'civilian' in international law and politics bears upon the treatment and protection offered to both. Or, to put it differently, that the discursive production of identity-combatant or civilian-has material effects. I suggest the following: a) gender is central to the constitution, not simply the implementation, of the distinction of combatant and civilian; b) that the gendering of the distinction contributes to the relative weakness, as compared to the robustness of the laws of war, of the protections offered to all ostensible civilians, be they male or female but; c) poses distinct challenges to the protection of male civilians-a phrase that, like that of female combatants, is notable for its modification of an implicit universal.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: The US and EU both have identified transnational organized crime (TOC) as an international security threat. Both have put much more attention to this topic after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. Both sides have increased their national activities: set up new laws, strengthened their law enforcement agencies, and both increasingly engaged much more bilaterally as well as globally to reduce criminal activities. The paper asks why such a close cooperation is occuring. It delineates three theoretical approaches: a functionalist view, a reading stressing hegemony, and an interpretation that includes leadership as well as domestic factors. Next the US' as well as the EU's anti-money laundering (AML) legislation is presented and the domestic motivation is pointed out. Whereas for the US the "war on drugs" is the most important initiator, the EU is also interested in setting up a common financial market. At the end the paper puts AML again in the context of EU/ US differences and denies that AML is a good example for a transatlantic divide.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: AHRI seeks to create partnerships among governments and NGOs This paper examines the politics surrounding AHRI assesses its effects on designated rivers, with special attention to the case of the Hudson River.

Publication Type: Session Paper
Abstract: The present research examines doctors’ (GPs and specialists) and patients’ approaches to managing musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders, which are a major cause of long-term pain and physical disability, affecting millions of people around the world. Managing MSK disorders often requires that patients make unwelcome lifestyle changes. Health care providers are a key source of information for patients with MSK and, therefore, interact closely with them. In this study, in-depth interviews with patients, GPs, and specialist rheumatologists in Australia and Canada were analysed using Leximancer (a text-mining tool). Results indicated an emphasis by doctors on accepting and adjusting to the illness, whereas patients emphasised pain relief and getting back to normal. It is suggested that patients and providers need to find a compromise in order to improve the disorder and to help patients reach the quality of life they really want.