Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper examines shifting police roles over the three broad eras of policing identified by Kelling and Moore (1988). During the earliest political spoils era, police were generalists who maintained close contact with the citizens they served as well as political allegiances to city hall and to ward bosses of their districts. During the second, reform and early professionalization era, police operated more as specialists in crime control who by distancing themselves from citizens and political influence in this manner attempted to eradicate the corruption and patronage abuses endemic to the previous era. Finally, in the latest community policing era police are once again generalists, who are now expected to be boundary-spanning multitaskers to serve the disparate needs of a much more fragmented and diverse community than was the case in the earliest period. Problems associated with the image of police as boundary-spanning multitaskers are discussed. Going beyond the community policing model, it is suggested that police should return to their roles as specialists in crime control, the only viable strategy for muncipal policing in an increasingly fragmented and contentions urban environment.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: In the post-Cold War era, the re-definition of security has been one of the most popular research topics in the discipline of international relations. This new literature on security tackles with the interaction between the security culture and the specialists, who observe, define and analyze the security culture. The researchers of security studies not only push security culture to the scientific area by marking it as a significant research subject but also contribute to the definition/re-definition and production/reproduction processes of the security culture itself. Especially think-tanks and specialists working at these think-tanks contribute to the security culture with their analysis on regional conflict cases as well as on the global security. It is in this framework that think-tanks and the specialists at these think-tanks have political responsibility and influence in the making of the security culture.There is a shift from an extensive security understanding in the Cold War era to an approach that combines domestic politics and foreign policy; and from a territorial and state-centric viewpoint to an individual-centric one. This shift has been accompanied by the increasing role that think-tanks play in the formation of security culture evidenced quantitative and qualitative increases in think-tanks that operate in the field of security studies. This presentation aims to make a general assessment of the roles, impacts and contributions of the think-tanks and international relations specialists who work at these institutions in the formation and making of the security culture in Turkey. It aims to review the studies conducted by think-tanks and specialists on security and to understand their positioning towards the discourse of the security elites and the changes over time in their approaches towards national security issues.

Publication Type: Individual Paper
Abstract: This session will explore ways of increasing the capacity of teacher leaders through the development of a collaborative, empirically-based Ed. S. degree in Teacher Leadership.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The use of outsourcing in governmental arenas has recently gained momentum. Public policy such as A-76 has been on the books since 1955. Recent legislation, such as the Federal Inventories and Reform Act (FAIR Act) in mid-1990's and the President's Management Agenda on competitive sourcing have resulted in the use of outsourcing. Only recently has the federal government utilized contractor personnel to help administer government contracts. By learning from state and local governments, the federal government determined that certain areas of the contract administration process may be accomplished by contractor personnel. The theory by which the federal government decided to pursue this practice is "organizational field". Another reason for the utilization of contractor personnel for government contracts administration is the shortage of capacity of qualified governmental personnel on staff. Contractor in contracts office will be explained in terms of delineation of what is "inherently governmental" and what is not. The sensitive area of "organizational conflict of interest" will be discussed in regards to the contracted personnel handling other contractor's proprietary information.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This session will outline the evolution of efforts by one School of Education to promote and support teacher leadership initiatives which led to the development of an Ed.S. in Teacher Leadership degree.