Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: We examine the harmonization process of international accounting standards.

Publication Type: Abstract
Abstract: I argue that regulatory change in the apparel market and technological change in the spinning sector have created a standards crisis for cotton producers globally. Producers lack standards competitive to those of synthetic fibers and risk being standards-takers vis-a-vis the powerful Chinese spinning sector. As standards shape the terrain of export competition, USDA is co-opting standards negotiations in order to compel cotton-producing countries around the world to adopt their standards measurement system, which privileges the quality parameters of mechanically-harvested cotton. However, producers in India and the West African bloc argue that the quality parameters of hand-picked cotton are not being represented in current measurements and that the scaling of the standards underplay the superior quality of hand-picked cotton that Chinese mills demand. Weakening this challenge, however, is the emerging differentiation among developing countries as more powerful producers in Brazil, for example, have moved to machine-harvesting.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: For years social scientists in general and IR researchers
in particular who utilized time-series cross-sectional (TSCS) data
produced overly optimistic findings because the methods they used
failed to account for the manner in which their observations were
interrelated. Observations in TSCS datasets are generally correlated
over time and space. Failure to take these correlations into account
leads to inconsistent standard errors and hypothesis tests. Beck and
Katz 1995 (BK) offer a corrective that has been widely used but has two
limiting features. The BK correction requires the analyst to specify a
precise time-series structure, and it requires that the cross-sectional
correlation structure not change over time. Both of these features
imply substantive assumptions that are undesirable in IR research. For
example, while research on institutions suggests that correlations
among policy outputs across states both exist and may change over time,
the BK solution does not permit the cross-sectional correlation
structure to change over time. Similarly, while the precise form of
serial correlation is typically difficult to establish and may vary
across countries, the BK solution requires an explicit specification of
a common AR structure. We offer a method of calculating consistent TSCS
standard errors that is robust to arbitrary cross-sectional correlation
that changes over time and to arbitrary serial correlation that changes
across units. We offer Monte Carlo simulations and reanalyses of
published work in IR to demonstrate its utility.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This presentation examines the challenges and possibilities of guiding teacher candidates toward a deeper understanding of professional standards for personal growth and teacher licensure, including accountability for PK-12 student learning.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: What drives global policy diffusion? Although the body of literature has brought about a better understanding of harmonization process, the research still has a gap in explaining the casual mechanism of strategic interaction between domestic political con