Showing 1 through 5 of 66 records. | 1. Rudloff, Peter. "Choice versus Change: Substitutability and Substitution in Minor Power Security" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Hotel Intercontinental, New Orleans, LA, Jan 07, 2009 <Not Available>. 2009-11-22 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p283442_index.html>Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper explores the differences between security policy substitutability (the fact that a state may engage in a variety of different strategies that achieve the same effect) and substitution (the act of decreasing investment in one security strategy in favor of increasing investment in another), and empirically examines the security policies of a number of minor power states involved in rivalry to determine 1) the substitutability of different security policies such as military spending, alliances, and military coercion across states, as well as 2) to what degree these states may substitute one policy for another. |
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| | Pages: 29 pages | || | Words: 7704 words | || | |
| 2. Kim, Jinyoung. "Cumulative Advantage and Resource Substitution: The Mechanisms of Diverging SES-Gaps in Mental Health with Age" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Montreal Convention Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Aug 11, 2006 Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2009-11-22 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p95068_index.html>Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Using a national telephone probability sample of 2,592 U.S. adults, ranging in age from 18 to 95 in 1995, this study examines the age variation in the relationship between socioeconomic status and psychological well-being. Previous studies, which mainly focused on education and physical health, have provided inconsistent results about this age-related pattern. Overall results of this study’s comprehensive examination taking into account education, occupational prestige, and income support the hypothesis of consistent diverging SES-gaps in depression or anxiety with age. Cumulative advantage mechanism explains the SES-based mental health divergence through physical impairment and sense of control, and resource substitution mechanism explains the divergence through stronger effects of work fulfillment and sense of control in non-employed or non-married status prevalent in later life. Resource substitution is a more dominant mechanism to explain the occupation-based divergence, and cumulative advantage is more dominant one in the case of income. |
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| 3. Jing, Qibo. "Mental Substitution: A Powerful Tool in Doing Integration and Integration by Parts" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Mathematical Association of America, The Fairmont Hotel, San Jose, CA, Aug 03, 2007 <Not Available>. 2009-11-22 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p206413_index.html>Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: When students do a complicated integration, they usually attempt the substitution method. However, when they do substitution, they have to use another variable by trial and error and then switch back to original variable. This makes the job of doing integration by substitution very tedious. Since integration is essentially the inverse operation of differentiation, most of time we can use mental substitution to do the integration. From my calculus learning, sharing and teaching experience, I believe mental substitution can really release the burden and simplify the job of doing integration and integration by parts. |
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| 4. Sharkey, Catherine. and Klick, Jon. "The Fungibility of Damages Awards: Punitive Damage Caps and Substitution" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the The Law and Society Association, Jul 06, 2006 <Not Available>. 2009-11-22 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p94860_index.html>Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Conventional wisdom suggests that punitive damages are growing out of control. To stop judges and juries from awarding blockbuster punitive damages, a number of states have passed caps which set a ceiling on the amount of punitives. In principle, if judges and juries wish to circumvent such caps, they could simply increase the amount of compensatory damages awarded. To investigate this possibility, we examine data from the Civil Justice Survey performed by the National Center for State Courts and demonstrate, in a triple differences framework, that punitive damage caps lead to a statistically significant increase in compensatory damage awards. This effect is robust to using various contemporaneous within-state counterfactual controls. These results suggest that caps alone are a poor way to constrain damage awards. |
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| | Pages: 27 pages | || | Words: 7063 words | || | |
| 5. Koch, Michael. and Fulton, Sarah. "Giving Aid versus Buying Tanks: Gender, Representation and Foreign Policy Substitution" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA, Mar 26, 2008 Online <APPLICATION/PDF>. 2009-11-22 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p251516_index.html>Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: As women make greater gains in politics how do these gains translate into substantive differences in policy preferences and outcomes? To answer this question we exmaine whether proportion of women in legislatures affects whether states substiture foreign aid for other tools, such as military spending and conflict initiation. We use the two goods model of foreign policy and simulatenous equations. The results show that as the percentage of women in a legislature increases, so to does the use of aid at the expense of other tools. The results have implications for both influence of gender on policy as well as the broader question of what drives states prefernces for foreign policy |
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