Publication Type: Proceeding
Abstract: To what extent does the survival of a leader depend on the survival of other political actors?
Can leaders increase their duration in office by removing and appointing ministers? I argue that
national leaders micro-manage their political survival by appointing and removing members
of cabinet, that is, members at the high end of their winning coalition. This means that the
political survival of national leaders and cabinet members is jointly determined. This paper
presents the methods to estimate the joint survival time of leaders and their agents. More
specifically, I describe two bivariate survival models, and develop and check the accuracy of
maximum likelihood estimates of a bivariate exponential. This bivariate exponential is then
used to estimate the survival time of leaders and foreign ministers. Indeed, estimation results
show that the survival time of these two political actors are correlated. This is not necessarily
good news, as this correlation might perpetuate systems that promote corruption and misery.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Using in-depth interviews with homeless women at a shelter, this article explores the relationships between early lessons the participants learned about their value as girls, the identities this generated as they matured, how these identities failed to incorporate boundaries that would protect them from abuse and exploitation, and ultimately their survival strategies on the streets. During childhood, the women in this study experienced high rates of neglect, inadequate or inappropriate caretaking, and physical and sexual abuse. These conditions seldom allowed for the development of healthy life and relationship skills. As they escaped their childhood environments, usually during adolescence, the women had to make choices about how to survive on the streets. Given their early experiences and the limited options, they acted in ways that allowed them to survive but heightened their vulnerability to further victimization by both male partners and strangers. Ultimately, the “choices” they made were restricted by the gendered lessons they had received throughout their lives.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: In this paper, we study members of the Italian parliament who were subject to investigation by the judiciary for suspected malfeasance over the eleven postwar legislatures spanning the years from 1948 to 1994. We find that charges of corruption reduce the probability that a deputy will be reelected by reducing the number of preference votes an incumbent receives. Nonetheless, most deputies are reelected during the postwar era, and there is no difference in reelection rates between those charged with corruption and those not charged.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper examines the effect of authoritarian institutions, international conflict, and their interaction on the duration of leaders from 1919-1995. Specifically, leaders of party based authoritarian regimes should be likely to last longer in office than military based regimes as their institutions provide them with the capacity to effectively rule their states. In addition, these party based institutions should insulate party based leaders from the negative (positive) effect of losing (winning) an international conflict. Conversely, the survival of military leaders is likely to be highly influenced by the outcome of an international conflict. Our empirical analysis confirms that party based leaders have longer tenures though this effect requires them to survive in office a few years. The tenure of military leaders is positively affected by winning wars and negatively by losing wars, while for a crisis, only draws increased their survival. The duration of party leaders was not influenced by wars and only positively influenced by winning a crisis. These results suggest that leaders of military regimes are likely to view wars as all or nothing affairs, especially if their pre-war domestic support is declining. Also, conflict is likely to only lead to leadership change among military regimes.