Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Interest groups wish to expand their organization to achieve maximum results. Therefore, it is theorized that an interest group will attempt to persuade the policies of their home government, as well as the policies of other states internationally. In theory, an interest group will both directly and indirectly lobby their home government as well as directly and indirectly lobby the governments of other states internationally. As a result, interest groups will at time become transnational organizations, becoming involved in a three-level game. The domestic level of the game involves the direct and indirect lobbying of the group’s home government. The international level is two-part. The first level involves the groups contact with similar groups in an attempt to indirectly sway the policy outcomes of that state. At the same time, the second level involves the interest group’s attempts to directly lobby the policy makers of the international state. In order to test this theory, an environmental case study will be developed in which the environmental policies of the United States and Canada will be reviewed. Through review, it will be determined which groups supported the legislation, and how the policies developed.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper offers a communication perspective to understand the power inherent in large-scale technology policy making (TPM) processes in America. The author suggests that TPM power is the primary determining force in future large-scale technological developments. TPM power is conceptualized as a three-dimensional phenomenon, with technical, political, and voting powers as its co-dimensions. Based on existing literatures and personal observation, the author discusses three key networks of active stakeholders (the technologists, the government, and the activists), as well as twelve propositions that describe nine power resources (technical credibility, moral authority, communication competence, and etc.) in relations to TPM power and its co-dimensions. A three-dimensional visual model and a mathematical equation are also included to describe TPM power. The author concludes that future technological infrastructure will be shaped by networks of stakeholders who can successfully manipulate power resources to influence policy outcomes.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This study builds the constructs of three kinds (four types) of gated news to explore how online users pay attention to three online mainstream news sites by defining online users from marketing and democrat perspectives. News characteristics of four types of gated news are examined in explaining online users’ most popular news attention. The results show that several news types contain distinctive news characteristics that helps scholars explain the meanings of different types of most popular news.

Publication Type: Paper (prepared oral presentation)
Abstract: For decades of empirical authoritarianism research RWA has been understood as a multifaceted construct. At the same time and as a matter of course RWA has been measured with one-dimensional scales being constructed with double-barreled items. The introduction of the RWA³D (Funke, 2005) opened the door for the analytic isolation of the three facets aggression, submission and conventionalism. However, the next necessary evolutionary step in scale construction was the amplification of the subscales to enhance reliability and to overcome ambiguity in the formulation. The present study used an item pool based on Dunwoody et al. (2008) along with additional own items for external validation. The discriminant validity of the improved sub-scales can be shown in various contexts of political attitudes among German adults.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed