Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: This paper examines the expansion of technology transfer practices in the university-industry interface in the U.S., utilizing the analytical lens of new economic sociology and neo-institutional analysis of organizations. It seeks to identify three critical institutional conditions which laid the foundation for a massive expansion of technology transfer practices that occurred in the past three decades. It argues that the expansion was shaped and accelerated by: 1) the state initiatives that provided strong inducement for universities to adopt these practices, 2) a newly emerged model that defined a new set of roles for research universities, and 3) the advancement of “new sciences” that blurred the boundaries between science and technology. In the empirical analysis of one hundred American research universities, I propose to examine two-related phenomena: the incorporation of a new organizational arrangement, so-called technology transfer office, into universities, and the expansion of the licensing of university-generated technologies to the industry. The analysis will specify three mechanisms by which these practices have spread in American research university community: 1) the social influence among research universities, 2) the status-mediated contagion, and 3) the regional influence that promote entrepreneurialism.

Publication Type: Invited Paper
Abstract: In this paper, specific training designs are addressed that make it more likely that the skills taught in training will be transferred in the workplace. When effective transfer takes place, both the individual and the organization benefit greatly as the individual’s confidence rises and performance improves. In addition, such issues as what makes a trainee wish to change his/her performance following the training as well as organizational culture structures that support the training.
Everything, from the method and activities utilized in training to the organizational structures as managerial support and effective reward systems enhance the ability of trainees to transfer their new knowledge to their workplace.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: The fundamental question that our article addresses is why do upper-middle class parents use money and resources on education for their children instead of keeping these resources for themselves? Family resources are always finite. Money spent on one thing cannot be spent on another. Whether parents view it this way or not, money spent on children cannot be spent on themselves. However, in some symbolic sense, money can be spent simultaneously two ways if the children are perceived as extensions of the parents. We examined the interviews of upper middle class families for attitudes about paying for college, and focused on the themes emerged: perceived benefits of college, assumptions about the use of money, and elitist vs. democratic views of education.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: Family size is an important determinant of family wellbeing, and it is also a good predictor of poverty. This study examines effects of waiving the 100-hour rule, by family size, and distinguishes between the “work incentive effects” and the “eligibility effects” of the waiver. The 100-hour rule limits eligibility to aid to two-parent families where the principal earner is unemployed or underemployed (works fewer than 100-hours a month). The study uses data from the Link-Up randomized experiment, conducted in California’s Central Valley, 1992 – 1994. The findings show that the “eligibility effect” of the waiver does not differ by family size, but the “work-incentive effect” does.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: That parents have an impact on what work roles their children assume has been shown in numerous studies across place and time. Why this is true, however, is still largely unknown. Previous arguments have proposed multiple tangible and intangible mechanisms to explain the phenomenon. While headway has been made in assessing the former, little work has focused on adjudicating between sub-forms of the latter. In this research I address this issue by determining whether children are more likely to expect to become business owners because of the way they are socialized by their parents or just the information they get from them about their work roles. Two forms of social capital are thus contrasted. I also propose and test a combinatory theory encompassing these two mechanisms. Hypotheses consistent with each argument are tested using data from the National Education Longitudinal Survey (1988-1992). Findings show that, net of an array of human capital, psychological, and social structural controls, information about business ownership from a father in early adolescence has a positive direct effect on business ownership expectations at that point in time, and an indirect effect on subsequent expectations in late adolescence that operates through those earlier expectations. Socialization has a positive direct effect on early expectations, as well both an indirect and direct effect on latter expectations. Maternal socialization effects are only found in terms of fostering later expectations. Finally, the combinatory model for fathers has a strong, positive direct effect on early expectations and indirect and direct effects on expectations in later adolescence.