Publication Type: Session Paper
Abstract: This paper presents a research about the way Fashion Houses and Brands are projecting their corporate identity through the Web, as well as establishing effective two-way communication online. The study executed a content analysis of 110 Websites from the list offered by the World Fashion Channel, analyzing a 33.43% of the Websites listed. The present paper contains the theoretical framework, method and results obtained. Elements studied were: Corporate identity elements projection, access for specific publics, structural features and dialogic function of the Websites. The major discovery is that Fashion Houses and Brands are not well projecting their identity online, neither are they establishing effective public relations on the Web.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: We empirically document and resolve a micro-macro "paradox" in attitudes towards EU membership. Economically well-off individuals were more likely to support EU membership, but overall support was greater in economically less successful countries.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper looks at how norms of appropriate behavior in warfare are determined. The principle question driving the paper is why some modes of warfare are acceptable and why others are deemed inappropriate. In particular it looks at some of the normative restrictions on warfare and how these have been interpreted. The paper argues that global hegemons are able to establish codes of conduct for the practice of war that legitimize certain actions and means of fighting and delegitimize others. These norms can be interpreted to reinforce the specific strengths of the hegemon at the expense of potential challengers. The paper will look at how these codes of conduct are determined and why some specific rules of war are generally accepted in the international community and others are not by focusing on recent practices by the United States. The discussion will focus on both the actions and language employed by the United States and will attempt to relate these to the issues relating to technological advantages emjoyed by the United States. Some of this will be specifically relevant to the current 'Global War on Terror', but the focus of the paper seeks to move beyond this to determine how great powers and significant global actors have been able to decide what is the 'right way' and what is the 'wrong way' to fight a war.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: This paper is concerned with examining the difference between law and education as ways of looking at the world. However, neither law nor education represents a single perspective from which to see, think or do. A plurality of legal and educational theories competes to capture our imaginations. One identifies something as law based on the something one already identifies law as. The same goes for education. Historical knowledge, societal and personal, undermines all claims to identify the exclusive form law or learning may take. Therefore, in this paper I wish to compare and contrast the respective conceptions of law and education that critical legal pluralist theory and student-centred learning theory advance. Each envisions its proper discipline as projects fundamentally concerned with enabling creative human agency, or, in the words of Lon Fuller, facilitating human beings’ “freedom to”. At the same time, I acknowledge that it is possible also to recast both law and learning as, at bottom, relating instead to “freedom from”. While many would assert that law leans more towards “freedom from” camp, whereas learning lends itself more to “freedom to” camp, I argue that categorizing law and learning along these dichotomous lines represents an unnecessary, indeed harmful, over-simplification. Demonstrating ways to think of law as education, and education as law, I aim to show, not law and education’s interchangeability but rather their translatability. Moreover, with particular reference to the secondary school setting, I will trace how differences between law and education slide between matters of purpose and form.

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Review Method: Peer Reviewed
Abstract: It is not uncommon in the field of traffic engineering for two-way roads to be converted to one-way roads
and vice versa. In these situations, the traffic engineer is faced with the problem of selecting directions for all the one-way roads so that a strongly-connected network can be achieved. This problem is named the one-way road network problem. Graph theory and minimum traverse-time algorithms provide a model of the network. This coupled with minimum cut graph model form a model referred to as the one-way road network model for solving the above-mentioned problem. A real-life case study is used for testing and validating the model.

Two-way road networks are represented by undirected graphs and one-way road networks by digraphs. The problem then becomes one of converting an undirected graph to a strongly-connected digraph. A brute-force algorithm was initially used for obtaining feasible digraphs. In order to obtain a true-to-live, efficient one-way road network, the topological aspects of network efficiency incorporating realistic delay times at junctions is explored.

Dijkstra’s algorithm is modified to calculate the network shortest total travel time in the search for a suitable initial road network layout. With the selected road network layouts, flipping of the various one-way roads at identified critical junctions on the network is tested using a minimum-cut graph model. This allows efficient consideration of not only each direction but combinations of directions from different roads as well.

A theoretically optimal one-way road network for the given topology and traffic loading is obtained for the selected case study. The one-way road network is tested against the original two-way road network by means of simulation. Results of the simulation runs showed that the one-way road network performed better than the original two-way road network under given traffic load of the case study. This thus validates the one-way road network model.